Those Days, Those Brotherhoods

Assignment Theatre

Date:2018.10.19
Venue:Taipei Hakka Music and Theater Center

Comments on the Finalist

With the 30th anniversary of the Hakka Language Restoration Movement as the backdrop, the three-hour drama Those Days, Those Brotherhoods adopts the method of team work and blends the “Theatre of the Oppressed,” along with its emphasis on the public, with contemporary aesthetic thinking. The story combines an extermination testimony and the Far Eastern Textile Workers' Strike taken place in 1989 to respond to the two major topics discussed in Ren Jian Magazine—The Hakka Issue published in 1988. Moreover, through the family tragedy of Fan Tian-Han (an alias given to the person involved in Chung Chiao’s magazine article) as well as the search for the character unfolded on stage, the work initiates a dialogue between two opposite ends of the history. The director Wang Wei-Lien successfully evokes the memory of the oppressed body and injects fresh energies into the tradition of People’s Theater.

 (Commentator: Rikey Tenn Bun-Ki)

Artwork Introduction

In his news article in the Hakka Issue of Ren Jian Magazine published in 1989,Chung Chiao created a pseudonym, “Fan Tian-Han,” to protect his interviewee. Based on the oral history recorded for the news article and materials collectively gathered by director Wang Wei-Lien and the entire cast, Those Days, Those Brotherhoods adopts a contemporary narrative style to express the poetic imagery of “Bitter Passage to Taiwan,” a poem written in the historic immigration of the Hakka community. Meanwhile, the work weaves together the histories of the Hakka Language Restoration Movement in 1988 after the lifting of martial law, the White Terror in the 1950s and the Far Eastern Textile Workers' Strike in 1989 and incorporates performers’ personal experiences to represent historical facts and fictitious elements while responding to the socio-cultural changes occurred in the past three decades of the Hakka Movement.

About the Artist

Assignment Theatre
Founded by poet, writer and theatre professional Chung Chiao in 1997, the theatre company uses the training method and theoretical system of People’s Theatre and integrates reality, local history and living experience to explore various theatrical forms of performance aesthetics. Over the years, the theatre company has organized regular community/education theatre workshops and collaborates with schools, communities and minority groups to develop a theatrical environment in the attempt to employ the theatre as an instrument to convey social care and raise awareness about social issues, converting the theatre into a platform for interactive education. Meanwhile, the theatre company has extensively interacted with groups and professionals of People’s Theatre in Asia to exchange knowledge about Asian cultural traditions and contemporary performance aesthetics. Recently, the theatre company has also started to engage in further interaction with People’s Theatre groups around the world.

Production Team

Director | Wang Wei-Lien
Script Creation | Chung Chiao, Zhou Ya-Quan, Wang Wei-Lien
Executive Production | Guan Chen-Yin, Zhou Jing-Lun
Performer |Wen Chih-Xing, Chen Etong, Liang Xin-Wen,
Hsieh Tzung-Yi, Feng Wen-HsingKuo, Ying Hsiu, Tzeng Chi-Peng,
Xiao Wei-xi, Wang Guan-Yue
Live Band | Huang Wei-Jie & KKTIX
Stage Supervisor | Zhou Ya-Quan
Lighting Design | Lai Ke-Zhu
Sound Design | Shi Min-Jie
Sound Execution | Wu Ang-Lin
Costume Design | Xu Ying-Xiang
Image Design | Kuo Ying Hsiu
Object Design | Guan Chen-Yin, Qiu Zhi-Cheng
Graphic Design | Xiao Wei-xi
Director Assistant | Liu Zhen-Zhen
Hakka Language Instruction | Luo Si-Gi
Promotion Assistant | Su Hong-Bin
Photo Offer | Cai Ming-De

藝術家對談

差事劇團藝術總監 鍾喬

1988年,鍾喬剛過而立,為陳映真帶領的《人間雜誌—客家專輯》,在龍潭三洽水採訪1950年代客家庄地下黨人遭肅清往事,報導時為避免情治牽連,他為當年受難者家屬、本名梁雲漢的受訪者取了匿名:「范天寒」。當年也是客家人「還我母語運動」走上街頭的時刻,三千多人聚集國父紀念館,爭取客家語言主體性。

採訪後某日,鍾喬載著梁雲漢來到解嚴後第一場罷工現場——1989年新竹縣新埔鎮遠東化纖廠工會罷工,見證衝突高漲、罷工者推倒工廠鐵門的激烈場面。歷經農民革命的梁雲漢目睹同以客家子弟為核心的工運現場,握著鍾喬的手說:「我們是共下(客家話意為『一起』)的。」農運、工運,在此相連。

「轉身」追索共同記憶

2018年標記著客家運動30年,由台北市客委會支持的相關計畫,包括「轉身・行前」客家攝影展,以及差事劇團策劃的《范天寒和他的弟兄們》。鍾喬表示,三十年後回首客家運動,也許片面遺忘,只將語言當作運動唯一核心,然而如同當年《人間雜誌》專題觀點,從清朝以降到1980年代,客家人作為相對弱勢族群,不論在工運、農運,及至「還我母語運動」,都在同一脈絡下發生。「工農運動是馬克思以降左翼運動最重要之事,成為客家運動主要論述,但歷經客家運動三十年,顯然已不是當今主要論述。我們當今走在左翼、台灣社會視為邊緣的道路上,去呈現這齣戲,便是《范天寒和他的弟兄們》的背景。」

「客家人不講『回頭』,而是『轉身』,也就是把整個身體回過去,把記憶拿到面前,再往前行。」以戲劇呈現歷史,不只是重現,而是將歷史拿到當下眼前以檢視對話。鍾喬找來青壯輩導演王瑋廉執導,和全體演員共同創作,成為《范天寒和他的弟兄們》的最終樣貌,將解嚴後客家社會運動、50年代白色恐怖現場、1989年遠化罷工現場串連,援引客家「渡台悲歌」史詩意象,呈現客家族群在艱苦年代中,追尋生命價值再現的艱辛歷程。

以戲劇串連歷史時空

《范天寒和他的弟兄們》從沈重碎步配上鐐銬碰撞的響聲開展,再從政治受難人的訪談、演員朗誦范天寒家族遺書,進一步鋪陳出白色恐怖時期政治犯的獄中景況。場景接續到解嚴後社會運動的風起雲湧,包括1989年「遠化罷工」事件,亦穿插近年的華光社區拆遷案,呈現參與者的心路歷程與運動的矛盾。末段場景來到六張犁政治受難人亂葬崗現場,以及抗爭最後工人們逐一散去的唏噓。貫穿全戲的,包括本劇影像設計郭盈秀扮演的「記者」身分,在不同時代紀錄現場與人物,也隱喻報導者作為紀錄者與介入參與者間的身份矛盾;另外,演員手持范天寒家書遺物,不斷提問「你是客家人嗎?你認識一個叫范天寒的人嗎?」卻從未得到回應。

《范天寒和他的弟兄們》對比「史詩劇場」的疏離效果,延伸故事橋段,也將人物交錯於過去與當下時空融合對話。戲中以數張木椅作為場景替換與道具借代,維持空間的荒蕪感;語言則穿插客語與國、台語,呈現現實中語言作為溝通媒介的混雜狀況;在音樂方面,還邀來客家歌手黃瑋傑與山寮樂隊創作演出音樂,讓社會連帶強烈的客家當代音樂,為戲注入新意。

《范天寒和他的弟兄們》是共同創作成果。鍾喬將一開始的劇本,輔以相關材料提供給導演與演員,接著眾人共同投入田野調查,也用大量時間進行從演員自身到角色的探索。「演員進入白色恐怖時期的角色時,帶有自己身份跟隨著角色曝光,和戲中角色的關係,會在表演中得到共鳴。」鍾喬認為,這樣的共鳴如一把關鍵鑰匙,既打開演員的身體、表現、認知,也產生與觀眾之間的連帶。

以文化行動還原歷史根源

作為創作的啟動者,鍾喬給予演員和導演大量探索與發揮空間,也從中看到團隊共同工作為作品帶來的嶄新能量。「這次演出過程,和過去差事劇團表現50年代白色恐怖內涵時,有很大的不同。它讓我們看到共同創作的生命力。差事劇團成立二十幾年,也並非沒有共同創作,但能共同參與,又能從空間、聲音、語言、角色,都達到美學的提昇能量,是達成最終成果的重要原因。在共同性中達到美學提升,一定程度要感謝導演的才華和努力。」

民眾戲劇耕耘數十載,也致力於專業表演的拓展,差事劇團從新世代的共同參與,再次看見劇場作為社會實踐之精神與落實的可能。差事劇團以戲劇對歷史進行當代表述,取代以政治正確論述傳遞訊息,「不論能不能在現實產生作用,至少作為文化工作者,以文化行動還原歷史某種根源時,應把歷史的真相用現在的方式表現出來,否則台灣的左翼的精神,就被埋沒,或者被用另外的方式詮釋。」同時,透過人的故事,其核心關懷更能感動並驅動民眾。鍾喬回顧,《范天寒和他的弟兄們》巡迴至員林演出,曾得到高中生熱烈迴響,便是戲劇能量的展現。

現實說不盡的,就讓詩與戲劇來表現。角色躍上舞台,便召喚出跨越時空的靈魂,訴說著不同當下。劇場工作者們摸索歷史也摸索自身,道長且阻,或許從未抵達,但不曾放棄。

(採訪撰文/許祐綸)